【People's Education Press】High School Chemistry Compulsory Course Second Volume

This textbook is the second volume of the compulsory chemistry course for general high schools. It primarily covers non-metal elements and their compounds, energy changes and reaction rate limits in chemical reactions, foundational organic chemistry, and the relationship between chemistry and sustainable development, aiming to cultivate students' core chemistry competencies.

Explore the mysteries of matter transformation and master the foundations of modern industrial chemistry and organic chemistry.

Author: Chemistry Curriculum Research and Development Center, Institute of Curriculum and Textbooks, People's Education Press

Acknowledgments: Approved by the National Textbook Committee Expert Committee in 2019

1. Master core substance properties: Describe the physical properties and key chemical properties of sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, nitrogen gas, ammonia, nitric acid, silicon, and silicon dioxide.
2. Understand chemical transformation patterns: Write relevant chemical equations and ionic equations, and grasp the logical relationships among substances with different oxidation states of sulfur and nitrogen.
3. Laboratory and application skills: Master testing methods for sulfate and ammonium ions; understand the refining of crude salt and the classification and characteristics of inorganic non-metallic materials.
4. Understand the essence of energy changes from a chemical bonding perspective, and identify and distinguish exothermic and endothermic reactions.
5. Comprehend the working principles of primary cells and fuel cells, and know the essential components of a primary cell.
6. Master methods for expressing reaction rates, and use the method of controlled variables to investigate the effects of concentration, temperature, and catalysts on reaction rates.
7. Grasp structural patterns: Identify types of carbon skeletons in organic compounds, understand isomerism, and construct simple organic molecules using ball-and-stick models.
8. Understand reaction mechanisms: Differentiate between substitution and addition reactions, and comprehend how functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester groups) determine the properties of organic compounds.
9. Connect to life sciences: Understand the composition, properties, and hydrolysis patterns of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and recognize the applications of organic chemistry in life sciences and materials science.
10. Master the principles and methods of metal extraction, and select appropriate development strategies based on metal reactivity.